Friday, August 30, 2013

Various Shades and Moods of Love in Shakespeare's Sonnets

William Shakespeare wrote a hundred and fifty four sonnets. The theme of almost every one of these sonnets is love. However, it is to Shakespeare’s credit that he does not make love seem boring - he documents love in verse in its many varying shades and moods.

We do not know who the protagonist of the sonnets is. Unless indisputable evidence is discovered on the matter, we will never know whether Shakespeare was channeling his personal feelings through the poems. This essay treats Shakespeare’s sonnets as a work of fiction, similar to his plays.

The object of the protagonist’s affections in the sonnets appears to be a fair young youth, whom the poet obsessively describes in the minutest of detail, sometimes bordering on and, on occasion, crossing over to hyperbole. Notice Sonnet 18, where the poet starts by comparing the youth to a summer’s day. Later, this comparison morphs into the youth becoming summer itself – the standard by which all truth and beauty are adjudged.

The jury is still out on whether the protagonist is gay (there’s been no conclusive evidence). However, a reading of Sonnet 20, where the poet refers to the youth as “master-mistress of my passion” causes even the most dispassionate reader to stop and ponder about its implications on the relationship between the protagonist and the youth. Even by the literary standards of that period, when it was commonplace for men to express their love and affection (not necessarily sexual) for their male friends (popularly dubbed as “bromance” today), Sonnet 20 seems to be waving the gay-pride flag.

This romantic love that the protagonist feels for the youth is brought into sharper focus when he starts to spew bile on the dark lady that the youth seems to have taken up with. Twenty-four of Shakespeare’s sonnets are addressed to this woman. In Sonnet 144, the protagonist favours the warmth of the fair youth’s body to that of the dark lady. And he squarely hangs the blame for the affair between the dark lady and the youth around the neck of the dark lady. In the poet’s mind, the dark lady is a raven-haired temptress and vixen who parades her absence of morals and virtues to prey on the sexual needs of young men, including the fair youth, thus separating the protagonist from the youth.

In Sonnet 80, we see another aspect of the jealous streak in the protagonist. The protagonist is unsettled by the competition that he faces in his admiration for the youth from a rival poet. However, even here, we see a selfless character to the protagonist, who, even though he feels tongue-tied in the praise competition that he is engaged in with the rival poet, believes that there’s more life in one eye of the youth than which either of the two poets can sufficiently praise.

However, despite the protagonist’s strong romantic feelings for the youth, we see more evidence of the selfless character of the protagonist when he pleads with the youth to marry a woman and procreate; to beget cherubic children who will look just like their father, thus ensuring his immortality. In sonnet 17, the poet even goes so far as to say that the fair youth will be immortalized twice: firstly, through the youth’s children and secondly, through the poet’s verses.

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